A separate Vigilance Branch was created under the Home & Hill Affairs Department in 2014 to deal with vigilance and disciplinary matters relating to police officers under the administrative control of the Department. It functions as the nodal unit for processing vigilance-related issues in coordination with the State Vigilance Commission.

The Vigilance Branch examines complaints and vigilance-related inputs received against officers of the Indian Police Service (IPS), West Bengal Police Service (WBPS), Assistant Commissioners of Police and above of Kolkata Police, and Police Prosecutors of Kolkata Police. It looks after matters relating to preliminary inquiry of complaints, examination of reports received and initiation of disciplinary proceedings. Vigilance clearance and integrity certificate in respect of the afore mentioned officers are issued by this branch.

In matters involving financial allegations, the Branch works in coordination with the State Vigilance Commission, as per standing instructions.

The Branch receives and maintains declarations of assets, including Asset Statements of officers of the West Bengal Police Service and Assistant Commissioners and above of Kolkata Police, as well as Immovable Property Returns (IPR) and Movable Property Returns (MPR) of Indian Police Service officers.

The Branch also deals with appeal matters, including appeals filed by Inspectors of Police of Kolkata Police and West Bengal Police, where the Home Secretary acts as the Appellate Authority.

The Vigilance Branch is headed by the Special Commissioner, followed by the Joint Secretary, the Deputy Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Officer on Special Duty, Section Officers, Head Assistants, Upper Division Assistants, Lower Division Assistants and Group D staff.